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低碳环境下供应链纵向减排合作的动态协调策略(6)
作者:网站采编关键词:
摘要:5 结论与展望 本文在低碳环境下,考虑到减排对需求的影响以及企业减排行为存在跨期效应,引入时间因素,借助微分博弈,探讨了由单个供应商和单个制
5 结论与展望
本文在低碳环境下,考虑到减排对需求的影响以及企业减排行为存在跨期效应,引入时间因素,借助微分博弈,探讨了由单个供应商和单个制造商组成的两级供应链中纵向合作减排的动态策略问题。假设需求是产品碳减排量的线性增函数,分别构建了制造商占主导供应商跟随的Stackelberg微分对策模型和制造商与供应商合作减排的动态模型,得到了两种情形下,制造商与供应商各自的最优反馈均衡策略和各自的利润最优值函数,并得到了两种情形下产品减排量随时间变化的最优轨迹;而后对两种情形下的最优反馈策略和供应链整体利润进行比较,发现合作减排情形下,制造商和供应商投入的减排努力程度较高,供应链的整体利润也比非合作时高,实现了Pareto最优;最后,通过数值算例,验证了模型的有效性,并在合作减排情形下,分析了相关参数的灵敏性,为供应链上下游企业长期开展减排合作提供了相关的理论依据。
不足之处是,文中在考虑供应链纵向减排合作的动态策略时,并没考虑到政府政策对企业间减排合作的影响,随着政府对企业碳排放量的限制和碳交易市场的出现,供应链企业间长期纵向减排合作将会出现新的契机和问题;供应链纵向减排合作除了涉及制造商和供应商之间的合作,还涉及到制造商和下游零售商之间减排和低碳推广的合作,因此本论文仅仅是研究供应链企业减排合作动态策略的开端,我们将在后续进行更深入研究。此外,文中为了简化模型,假设制造商和供应商产品的边际利润为常量,而实际中在非合作情形下,供应链节点企业之间的产品交易价格常常是供应链运营的决策变量,因此在现有模型中引入批发价格等决策变量,也是我们未来值得研究的问题之一。
This study considers that reduction rate can affect the cooperation of carbon emission reduction between enterprises in product demand, and the upstream and downstream supply chains. In addition, this study assumes that demand has a linear relationship with carbon emissions. Vertical cooperation on carbon emission reduction is discussed based on a differential game in a two-stage supply chain consisting of a single supplier and a single manufacturer.
In the first part, we analyzed the Stackelberg game scenario in which manufacturer is a leader and supplier is a follower in the supply chain with the goal of reducing carbon emissions. In addition, we built the Stackelberg differential game models and solved this differential game by using the HJB equation to obtain feedback equilibrium strategy, the optimal function of profit about manufacturer and supplier, and an optimal trajectory for carbon emissions of product.
In the second part, we analyzed the other scenarios in which vertical cooperation between manufacturers and suppliers about emission reduction was presented. Moreover, we attained a feedback equilibrium strategy of manufacturer and supplier and the optimal function of profit about the entire supply chain and optimal trajectory for carbon emissions of product.
After comparing the two feedback equilibrium strategies, this study proposed that vertical cooperation strategies about emission reduction could improve the emissions of product, and the profit of supplier and manufacturer. The entire supply chain system is higher than non-cooperation supply chains because of the coordination among enterprises in the supply chain.
At last, numerical analysis is conducted to verify the validity of conclusions. In addition, sensitivity analysis of the relevant parameters is conducted to understand the cooperation between enterprises in the supply chain.
0 引言
近年来,各国政府、企业和学者已经形成共识,温室效应是导致全球气候变化以及极端气候频繁出现的主要原因,而人类在经济活动中产生的碳排放是导致温室效应的主要根源[1]。在低碳背景下,各国政府及企业都在积极探讨减少温室气体排放的解决方案,全球已有12个国家和地区立法,要求其企业实行碳标签制度,1000多家著名企业将“低碳”作为其供应链的必需,沃尔玛、IBM、宜家等均已要求其供应商提供碳标签。2013年3月国家发展改革委发布了《低碳产品认证管理暂行办法》,明确了我国低碳产品的认证体系的主要内容[1]。低碳产品认证可以发动消费端推动节能减排。通过低碳产品认证,企业的产品被贴上低碳产品的认证标志,消费者将能够放心选择购买,从而推动企业进行减排技术创新,努力开发低碳产品。低碳产品认证体系也对很多产业的产业链上下游产生很大的影响,企业在生产产品过程中会对其上下游的企业提出相应的减排要求,因此低碳环境下从运营管理角度探讨供应链上下游企业间合作减排问题具有重要的现实意义。
文章来源:《低碳世界》 网址: http://www.dtsjzzs.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0504/1135.html